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鹅观草广泛分布于我国各地及日本和朝鲜等地,具有丰富的遗传变异,种内变异类型丰富,一些居群间存在明显的生殖隔离。本研究利用人工杂交、形态学、繁育学及染色体组分析方法对来自四川雅安、四川宜宾新文、四川宜宾翠屏山、青海、新疆、浙江及山东的7个鹅观草居群进行了遗传分化研究。结果显示:(1)不同居群在株高、穗长、外稃长等表型性状存在差异,各居群间杂种F1表型性状普遍优于两亲本居群,但是颖宽个别性状劣于亲本。(2)各居群间杂种F1染色体配对水平总体较高,但也存在差异;二价体数目变异范围为19.77~20.91,单价体数目变异范围为0.18~2.46,还有低频率的三价体、四价体出现。(3)杂种F1的育性为78.9%~89.67%,自然结实率43.05%~77.98%,其中浙江与四川宜宾翠屏山居群的杂种F1的自然结实率最低(43.05%)。以上结果表明,7个鹅观草居群间存在一定程度的分化,且与各居群的地理分布呈正相关;四川宜宾与浙江居群之间存在一定的生殖隔离,遗传变异较大。
Goose grass widely distributed in various parts of China and Japan and North Korea and other places, with rich genetic variation, intraspecific variation types, there are some obvious genital isolation. In this study, seven populations of Goosegrass population from Ya’an in Sichuan Province, Yibin in Sichuan Province, Cuipin Mountain in Yibin, Qinghai, Xinjiang, Zhejiang and Shandong were genotyped by artificial crosses, morphological, reproductive and genomics methods the study. The results showed that: (1) There were differences in phenotypic traits among different populations in plant height, spike length and length of inflorescence. The phenotypic traits of F1 in hybrids were generally better than that of amphipathic individuals. However, Parents. (2) The F1 chromosome pairing level of hybrids was higher in all populations, but there were also differences. The variation range of the number of bivalents was 19.77-20.91, the range of number of monovalent species was 0.18-2.46, and the low frequency trivalent , Tetravalent body appears. (3) The F1 fertility of hybrid F1 was 78.9% -89.67%, and the natural seed setting rate was 43.05% -77.98%. The natural seed setting rate of hybrid F1 was the lowest (43.05%) in Zhejiang and Yibing, Sichuan. The above results showed that there existed a certain degree of differentiation among the populations of G. elegans, and had a positive correlation with the geographical distribution of each population. There was a certain degree of genetic isolation between Yibin and Zhejiang populations in Sichuan, with a large genetic variation.