苏联科学院哲学研究所高级研究员诺维科娃强调“文明”概念的多义性,她说,在世界社会思想发展过程中,这个概念与“文化”概念相比,处于社会哲学研究的边缘。在十八世纪中期 Novikova, a senior researcher at the Institute of Philosophy at the Soviet Academy of Sciences, emphasizes the ambiguity of the concept of “civilization,” saying that in the process of the development of world social thought, this concept is on the verge of social philosophy as compared to the concept of “culture.” In the mid-eighteenth century