马丁·路德宗教改革运动的兴起和发展,很大程度上是以强调《圣经》权威和“凡信徒皆祭司”的原则为支柱,才得以贯彻和实施的。他的新教的宣传和传播,也具体体现了这个原则,特别是运用各种灵活手段对民众进行宣传,起到了事半功倍的积极作用。新教宣传运用传单、小册子、木刻版画、街头布道等方式,建立了广泛的传播网络,为自下而上发动宗教改革运动奠定了基础。作为一种斗争手段,新教宣传与罗马教廷进行论争并且占据了上风,极大地增强了市民、农民反对教俗封建贵族的力度。新教宣传利用图像和口述布道,推动了斗争纵深发展,证明了宗教改革是场影响广泛、深入的社会运动,宗教改革与百姓革命之间存在着密切联系。从方法论上看,只有结合视觉材料、口述史料和文字材料,才有可能对路德改教的性质及政治作用做出客观的、令人满意的评价。 The rise and development of Martin Luther’s religious reform movement was largely implemented and enforced based on the principle of emphasizing the authority of the Bible and the priesthood of all believers. The propaganda and dissemination of his Protestantism have also embodied this principle. In particular, it has played a positive and multiplying role with various flexible means of publicity. Protestantism propaganda uses leaflets, brochures, woodblock prints, street sermons and other means to establish a wide range of communication networks and lay the foundation for launching the religious reform movement from the bottom up. As a means of struggle, Protestant propaganda contested with the Holy See and gained the upper hand, greatly enhancing the efforts of the public and peasants in opposing the feudal aristocracy. Protestant propaganda made use of images and oral preaching to promote the further development of the struggle and proved that the religious reform was a widespread and in-depth social movement. There was a close relationship between the religious reform and the revolution of the people. From a methodological point of view, it is possible to make an objective and satisfactory assessment of the nature and political role of Luthese religion by combining visual materials, oral historical materials and written materials.