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端粒是真核生物细胞染色体末端的一种特殊结构,含有许多简单重复的DNA序列及相关蛋白。端粒的长度决定细胞的寿命,随着细胞分裂的进行,端粒的长度逐渐缩短,当端粒缩短到一定程度即不能维持染色体的稳定,使细胞最终死亡。端粒酶是维持端粒长度的逆转录酶,以自身RNA为模板,反转录合成端粒重复单元,加到染色体末端以防止端粒缩短,使细胞具有继续增殖的能力,引起细胞的永生化。而永生化是细胞恶变的必经步骤,因此端粒酶与肿瘤
Telomere is a special structure at the chromosome end of eukaryotic cells, which contains many simple and repetitive DNA sequences and related proteins. The length of telomere determines the lifespan of cells. With the progress of cell division, the length of telomeres is gradually shortened. When the telomere shortens to a certain extent, it can not maintain the stability of the chromosome and eventually the cells die. Telomerase is a reverse transcriptase that maintains the length of telomeres. Using its own RNA as a template, telomerase repeats are synthesized by reverse transcription and added to the ends of chromosomes to prevent telomere shortening, allowing cells to continue to multiply, causing eternal cell survival The Immortalization is an essential step in cell malignant transformation, so telomerase and tumor