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二十世纪哲学领域因“语言学转向”而形成的现代语言哲学,通过对形而上学二元论的批判,恢复了语言的本原特质。语言摆脱了长期以来的工具属性,被确认为人类世界最根本的基础,随之文学作为语言艺术,也被提升为去除晦蔽达到本真的语言经验的方式和存在于世的方式。由此导致了从认识论的文学观到存在论的文学观的变迁。前者认为文学是主体认识客体的一种手段,关注文学的知识维度和现实内容,语言艺术是这方面的传达技能;后者以另一方式处理文学的真实性问题,注重呈现此在或实在的状况,探索在语言写作中什么是可能的,语言艺术也指这方面的能力。二十世纪现代派文学的兴起,更从文学实践的历史进程验证了这一演变。它表明哲学和文学共同面对着语言意识的觉醒,并要求我们调整原先的二元论模式的批评准尺,重新认识文学史发展规律和文学现象,正确理解与接受二十世纪的西方文论。
The modern language philosophy formed in the philosophical field of the 20th century for “linguistic turn” restored the original characteristics of language through the critique of metaphysics dualism. It has been recognized as the most fundamental foundation of the human world and language as a language art has been promoted to remove the way of obscuring the authentic language experience and the way it exists in the world. This led to the change from the epistemological literature view to the ontological literature view. The former holds that literature is a means for the subject to know the object, focusing on the knowledge dimension and reality of the literature. Language art is the communication skill in this respect. The latter deals with the authenticity of the literature in another way and pays attention to presenting the current or actual Status, explore what is possible in the language of writing, language arts also refers to this capacity. The rise of modernist literature in the twentieth century further validates this evolution from the historical process of literary practice. It shows that both philosophy and literature face the awakening of language awareness and requires us to adjust the criticism of the original dualism mode, to re-understand the law of development of literary history and literary phenomena, and to correctly understand and accept the literary theories of the 20th century in the West.