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鉴于中国煤电生产主要集中于黄河中、上游和西北内陆河流域,水资源极为紧缺,扩大火电规模势必加重当地的水资源压力,进而带来严重的生态环境问题。基于全国14大煤炭基地的发展规划和最严格水资源管理制度的用水总量控制指标,分析2020年煤炭基地的火电发展是否超出当地的水资源支撑能力。结果显示,到2020年14大煤炭基地新增燃煤发电的用水量为19.32×108 m3,煤炭基地的新增可供水资源量为45×108 m3,大部分煤炭基地可通过新建水源工程、水源置换等途径满足需求,但神东、晋东、黄陇、河南等四大煤炭基地的新增可供水量不能满足新增煤电用水需求,需要根据当地水资源情况合理控制火电资源开发,该结论为实现水与能源的协同管理提供了依据。
Given that coal and electricity production in China is mainly concentrated in the middle and upper reaches of the Yellow River and inland river basins in the Northwest, water resources are extremely scarce. Expanding the scale of thermal power is bound to aggravate the pressure on local water resources, leading to serious ecological and environmental problems. Based on the development plan of the country’s 14 major coal bases and the water consumption control indicators of the most stringent water resources management system, it is analyzed whether the development of coal-fired power station in 2020 exceeds the local water resources support capacity. The results show that by 2020, the coal consumption of newly-added coal-fired power generation in the 14 major coal bases will be 19.32 × 108 m3 and that of coal base will be 45 × 108 m3. Most of the coal bases can pass the new water source project, Replacement, and other ways to meet the demand, but the new water supply capacity of the four major coal bases in Shendong, Jindong, Huanglong and Henan can not meet the demand for newly added coal-fired power. The development of thermal power resources needs to be rationally controlled according to the local water resources The conclusion provides the basis for the coordinated management of water and energy.