鸦片战争后,中国沦为半殖民地半封建国家,中西差距进一步扩大。中国传统的对外政策和体制发生了根本性的改变,开始向近代外交发展。李鸿章作为晚清重臣,是当时经历中国对外交涉次数最多的人。“以夷制夷”和“外须和戎”是他外交思想的主要内容。 After the Opium War, China became a semi-colonial and semi-feudal country with a further expansion of the gap between China and the West. China’s traditional foreign policy and system have undergone fundamental changes, beginning with the development of modern diplomacy. Li Hongzhang, as a minister in the late Qing Dynasty, was the one who experienced the highest number of Chinese diplomatic missions at the time. The principle of “diplomatic control” and “foreign policy and foreign policy” are the main contents of his diplomatic thinking.