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为探究施肥对燕麦鲜草、秸秆和种子产量的影响,找出限制燕麦鲜草、秸秆和种子产量提高的养分因子,筛选出实现经济效益最大的施肥配方,本研究以青引1号燕麦(Avana sativa cv.Qingyin No.1)为对象,于2010年在青海省湟中县分析不同的氮、磷和钾配方施肥对燕麦产量及其构成因素的影响。结果表明,氮素为限制燕麦鲜草产量提高的主要养分因子,施氮能显著提高燕麦株高和鲜草产量,N337.5P105K60处理鲜草产量最大,为66 194kg.hm-2,比对照增产44.9%。磷素为限制燕麦种子产量提高的主要养分因子,施磷能增加燕麦有效分蘖数、小穗数,N225P157.5K60处理下燕麦籽粒产量最大,为6 678kg.hm-2。经过经济效益分析,N225P105K60施肥处理获得的综合收益最大,饲草田达到18 435.3元.hm-2,种子田达到22 877.5元.hm-2,分别比对照增收4 500.9和4 597.5元·hm-2。
In order to explore the effect of fertilization on fresh grass, straw and seed yield of oats, find out the nutrient factors that limit the yield of fresh oats, straw and seed, and select the most economical formula to achieve fertilization. In this study, Avana sativa cv.Qingyin No.1) were selected to analyze the effects of different nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium formula fertilizers on the yield and its components of oats in Huangzhong County, Qinghai Province in 2010. The results showed that nitrogen was the main nutrient factor to limit the yield of fresh oats. Application of nitrogen fertilizer could significantly increase the plant height and yield of oats. N337.5P105K60 had the highest fresh yield of 66 194kg.hm-2, which was higher than the control 44.9%. Phosphorus was the main nutrient factor to limit the increase of oat seed yield. Phosphorus application increased the effective number of tillers and spikelets per plant, and the yield of oat was the highest at 625 kg Km-2 under treatment N225P157.5K60. After economic benefit analysis, the comprehensive income obtained by N225P105K60 fertilization was the highest, reaching 18 435.3 yuan hm-2 in forage grass field and 22 877.5 yuan hm-2 in seedling field, which increased 4 500.9 and 4 597.5 yuan hm- 2.