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INTRODUCTIONrnHydroxyapatite (HA) has many biological benefits, such as direct bonding to bone and enhances new bone formation around it. It has been demonstrated that dental and orthopaedic implants coated with HA show superior histological results to the uncoated ones. Various methods as well as plasma spraying, which is commonly used, have been developed to coat HA on metals. However, Plasma-sprayed HA coatings are limited by specific drawbacks such as low crystallinity, weak bond strength to the substrate.rn