In conventional rational harmonic mode-locking, optical pulse trains with the repetition rate of (pn 1)f_(c) are generated when the modulation frequency of the in-cavity modulator is set at f_(m)=(n 1/p)f_(c), where n and p are both integers, f_(c) is the
Tadpole-shaped Au nano-particles with controllable tails are successfully fabricated by simply using laser fragmentation of separated Au nano-spheres in liquid. The optimum laser power densities (