断裂、磨损和腐蚀是材料失效的主要形式,其中,磨损是造成材料和能源损失的重要原因。磨损研究的意义在于通过研究和实际普及应用有可能对国民经济产生巨大的经济效益。据我国冶金矿山、煤炭、电力、农机、建材等五个部门的粗略统计,因磨损报废、补充备件用钢量超过100万吨,费用约15～20亿元。 Fracture, wear and corrosion are the main forms of material failure, of which wear and tear are the major causes of material and energy losses. The significance of wear research is that it is possible to have huge economic benefits to the national economy through the research and practical application. According to China’s metallurgical mines, coal, electricity, agricultural machinery, building materials and other five departments of rough statistics, scrapped due to wear and tear, spare parts with more than 1 million tons of steel, the cost of about 15 to 2 billion yuan.