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无产阶级专政理论是马克思主义国家理论学说中的重要组成部分。马克思的无产阶级专政理论并不是为了建立无产阶级专政国家;无产阶级专政的过渡阶段相对短暂,并有和平实现的可能性;实现无产阶级专政需要以高度发达的社会物质条件作为前提。20世纪社会主义的实践在理论和实践上均同马克思的思想存在差异。这种差异揭示出无产阶级专政理论的困境。
The theory of proletarian dictatorship is an important part of the theory of Marxist state theory. Marx’s proletarian dictatorship theory does not aim at establishing a proletarian dictatorship. The transitional stage of the dictatorship of the proletariat is relatively short-lived and there is the possibility of peaceful realization. To achieve the dictatorship of the proletariat requires the prerequisite of highly developed social material conditions. The practice of socialism in the 20th century is different from that of Marx in both theory and practice. This difference reveals the dilemma of the proletarian dictatorship theory.