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基于应力理论,设计了一种能测量土中三维应力状态的三维土压力盒,由一个开槽的十二面体基座和6个常规土压力盒组成。根据任一方向上正应力与常规应力表示方法 6个分量之间的关系,建立了三维土压力盒测试数据与常规应力表示方法之间的转换矩阵,给出了由测试数据到常规应力状态的计算方法,并进行了误差分析。考虑基座加工便利性和测试过程的便利性要求,着重阐述了等菱形十二面体三维土压力盒的工作原理、制作过程、测试方法和数据处理等关键环节。对某不饱和重塑土进行了一维压缩,并用测试装置测量了土中6个方向的正应力,推演出了对应的常规应力表达值。结果表明,常规应力表示方法中的两个水平应力基本相等且小于竖向应力,同时水平面和两个竖直面上的剪应力很小,与一维压缩的力学特点吻合,测试装置的设计合理。
Based on the stress theory, a three-dimensional earth pressure box that can measure three-dimensional stress state in soil is designed. It consists of a grooved dodecahedron base and six conventional earth pressure boxes. According to the relationship between the normal stress in any direction and the six components of conventional stress representation, the transformation matrix between the three-dimensional test data of soil pressure box and the conventional stress representation method is established. The calculation data from the test data to the normal stress state are given Method, and carried out error analysis. Considering the convenience of base processing and the convenience of the testing process, the working principle, fabrication process, testing method and data processing of the rhombic dodecahedron three-dimensional earth pressure box are emphatically described. A one-dimensional compression of an unsaturated remodeled soil was carried out. Normal forces in six directions in the soil were measured by a testing device, and corresponding normal stress expressions were deduced. The results show that the two horizontal stresses in the conventional stress representation method are basically equal and less than the vertical stress, and the shear stresses in the horizontal plane and the two vertical planes are small, which are consistent with the mechanical characteristics of the one-dimensional compression. The design of the test device is reasonable .