论文部分内容阅读
在当今国内文化保护运动中,如何界定需要保护的“传统文化”?“传统文化”由谁来界定?是我们(学者抑或政府)还是他们(实践者)?界定的标准又是什么?这一系列问题既是运作者面临的实际问题,也是民俗学、人类学需要思考的深层理论问题。纳入非物质文化遗产保护范围的“文化”更多的是学者界定、政府承认的文化,而在当代学术语境中,文化本质主义早已遭到相当程度的质疑。吊诡的是,面对种种政治主张,实践者的文化认同,恰恰基于文化本质主义。尽管他们所主张的本质性文化是建构出来的,但仍采取本质化的形式。对此,不能简单地予以否定,而应通过理性思考,超越非此即彼的二元论模式,回到文化所产生的历史脉络中去。
In today’s domestic cultural protection movement, how to define the “traditional culture” to be protected? Who defines the “traditional culture”? Are we (academics or governments) or they (practitioners)? What? These series of questions are not only the practical problems facing the operators, but also the deep theoretical issues that need to be considered in folklore and anthropology. The “culture” that is included in the scope of the protection of intangible cultural heritage is more of a culture defined by scholars and acknowledged by the government. In the contemporary academic context, cultural essentialism has already been questioned to some extent. Paradox is that in the face of various political opinions, practitioners’ cultural identity is precisely based on cultural essentialism. Although the essential culture they advocate is constructed, they still take the form of essence. In this regard, we can not simply deny it. Instead, we should return to the historical context of culture through rational thinking and surpassing the non-abstract and dualistic paradigms.