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A smart house is a home that has highly advanced， automated systems to control and monitor any function of a house—lighting， temperature control， multi-media， security， window and door operations， air quality， or any other task of necessity or comfort performed by a home’s resident. With the rise of wireless computerization， remote-controlled devices are becoming smart just-in-time. Today， it’s possible to pin a programmed chip onto any occupant and have systems adjusted as a person passes by and through a smart house.
Is it really smart？
A smart home appears “intelligent” because its computer systems can monitor so many aspects of daily living. For example， the refrigerator may be able to inventory its contents， suggest menus and shopping lists， recommend healthy alternatives， and even routinely order groceries. The smart home systems might even ensure a continuously cleaned cat litter box or a house plant that is forever watered.
The idea of a smart home may sound like something out of Hollywood. In fact， a 1999 Disney movie titled Smart House presents the comical antics of an American family that wins a “house of the future” with an android maid who causes havoc. Other films show science fiction visions of smart home technology that seems improbable.
However， smart home technology is real， and it’s becoming increasingly sophisticated. Coded signals are sent through the home’s wiring （or sent wirelessly） to switches and outlets that are programmed to operate appliances and electronic devices in every part of the house. Home automation can be especially useful for the elderly， people with physical or cognitive impairments， and disabled persons who wish to live independently.
Open standards
Think of your house like it’s one， big computer. If you ever opened up the “box” or CPU of your home computer， you’ll find tiny wires and connectors， switches and whirling discs. To make it all work， you have to have an input device （like a mouse or a keyboard）， but even more importantly， each of the components has to be able to work with each other.
Smart technologies will evolve more quickly if people didn’t have to buy entire systems， because let’s face it—some of us aren’t as wealthy as Bill Gates. We also don’t want to have 15 remote control devices for 15 different devices—we’ve been there and done that with televisions and recorders. What consumers want are add-on systems that are easy-to-use. What small manufacturers want are to be able to compete in this new marketplace. Two things are needed to make homes truly “smart，” writes research journalist Ira Brodsky in Computerworld. “First are sensors， actuators and appliances that obey commands and provide status information.” These digital devices are already omnipresent in our appliances. “Second are protocols and tools that enable all of these devices， regardless of vendor， to communicate with each other，” says Brodsky. This is the problem， but Brodsky believes that “smartphone apps， communication hubs and cloud-based services are enabling practical solutions that can be implemented right now.”
Home energy management systems （HEMS） have been the first wave of smart home devices， with hardware and software that monitors and controls a home’s heating， ventilation， and air conditioning （HVAC） systems. As standards and protocols are being developed， the devices in our homes are making them appear smart—very smart！
Domotics and home automation
As the smart house evolves， so， too， do the words we use to describe it. Most generally， home automation and home technology have been the early descriptors. Smart home automation has derived from those terms.
The word domotics literally means home robotics. In Latin， the word domus means home. The field of domotics encompasses all phases of smart home technology， including the highly sophisticated sensors and controls that monitor and automate temperature， lighting， security systems， and many other functions.
No need for those pesky robots， however. These days most mobile devices， like “smart” phones and tablets， are digitally connected and control many home systems. And what will your smart home look like？ It should look just like what you’re living in now if that’s what you want.
智能家居，即具備极先进自动化系统的房屋，可以控制和监测照明、温度、多媒体、安保、门窗开闭、空气质量等家居功能，或住户其他出于必需或提升舒适度目的而设的功能。随着无线计算机化的兴起，遥控设备随之变得智能。如今，任何住户都可以别上一块编好程序的芯片，让系统在有人经过和进出智能家居时作出相应调整。
但它真的智能吗？
智能家居之所以看起来“机智聪明”，是因为其中的计算机系统能够监测日常生活的方方面面。举个例子，在系统的帮助下，冰箱也许能够自主清点存货、推荐菜单和购物清单、介绍健康饮食替代品，甚至进行常规采购。智能家居系统甚至还能让猫砂盆一直保持清洁，让室内植物永远不缺水。
智能家居这个概念听上去像是好莱坞的产物。其实，迪士尼公司曾在1999年发行过影片《我的妈咪不是人》，讲述一个赢得了 “未来房屋”的美国家庭搞笑经历——“未来房屋”中的机器人女仆状况频出，让一家人闹出了不少笑话。其他影片中，看似不可能的智能家居技术则以科幻的场景展现。
不过，智能家居技术是真实存在的，而且正日趋成熟。通过有线或无线的方式，设有内置程序的开关和插座能够接收到编码信号，从而操控屋内各处的家用电器和电子设备。对老年人、身体或认知有缺陷者，以及想要独立生活的残疾人士来说，家居自动化的益处尤其明显。
开放式标准
试想你的居室就像一台巨大的电脑。如果打开家中电脑的“主机箱”或中央处理器，就会知道里面有细小的线路和接头、各种开关和飞速运转的硬盘。要让这一切运行起来，必须有个鼠标或键盘之类的输入设备才行。但更重要的是，各个元件必须能够协同工作。
如果用户不必购买整个家居系统的话，智能技术会发展得更快，因为我们还是得面对现实——毕竟不是每个人都像比尔·盖茨那么有钱。我们也不希望家里15个不同设备有15个遥控器——家里已经有几个电视机和录像机遥控器了。消费者真正想要的是简单好用的附加系统。小型制造商想要的是抢占这个新兴市场的高地。
调查记者艾拉·布罗德斯基在《计算机世界》杂志中提出，要想让家居真正“智能”起来，离不开两类东西。“首先是能够遵从指令并提供状态信息的传感器、致动器和器械装置。”目前，这些数码设备已普遍安装在家用电器中了。“其次是能让这些来自不同厂家的设备互相沟通的数据传输协议和工具。”这一点才是难题所在。但布罗德斯基认为“手机应用、通信集线器和云端服务的出现，正为我们带来切实有效、立等可行的解决方案”。
家居能源管理系统便是第一波问世的智能家居设备，借助硬件和软件来监测、控制住宅的供暖、通风及温控系统。随着技术标准和协议的开发，家居设备将显得越来越智能了——堪称机智过人！
家居自动化
随着智能家居的发展，用于描述它的词汇也发生了变化。早先最常用的是家居自动化和家居技术这样的词，后来又衍生出了智能家居自动化的说法。
从字面意思来看，domotics指的是家居机器人技术。在拉丁语中，domus的词义为住宅。家居自动化领域涵盖智能家居技术的方方面面，包括极为精密的传感器和控制器，用于监测和自动控制温度、照明、安保等功能。
不过，我们不需要那些麻烦的机器人了。如今，“智能”手机和平板电脑等大多数移动设备都能进行数码连接，从而操控许多家居系统。你的智能家居会是什么样的呢？要是你想，无须大改，你的住处就能保持目前的模样。
（译者单位：复旦大学中文系）
Is it really smart？
A smart home appears “intelligent” because its computer systems can monitor so many aspects of daily living. For example， the refrigerator may be able to inventory its contents， suggest menus and shopping lists， recommend healthy alternatives， and even routinely order groceries. The smart home systems might even ensure a continuously cleaned cat litter box or a house plant that is forever watered.
The idea of a smart home may sound like something out of Hollywood. In fact， a 1999 Disney movie titled Smart House presents the comical antics of an American family that wins a “house of the future” with an android maid who causes havoc. Other films show science fiction visions of smart home technology that seems improbable.
However， smart home technology is real， and it’s becoming increasingly sophisticated. Coded signals are sent through the home’s wiring （or sent wirelessly） to switches and outlets that are programmed to operate appliances and electronic devices in every part of the house. Home automation can be especially useful for the elderly， people with physical or cognitive impairments， and disabled persons who wish to live independently.
Open standards
Think of your house like it’s one， big computer. If you ever opened up the “box” or CPU of your home computer， you’ll find tiny wires and connectors， switches and whirling discs. To make it all work， you have to have an input device （like a mouse or a keyboard）， but even more importantly， each of the components has to be able to work with each other.
Smart technologies will evolve more quickly if people didn’t have to buy entire systems， because let’s face it—some of us aren’t as wealthy as Bill Gates. We also don’t want to have 15 remote control devices for 15 different devices—we’ve been there and done that with televisions and recorders. What consumers want are add-on systems that are easy-to-use. What small manufacturers want are to be able to compete in this new marketplace. Two things are needed to make homes truly “smart，” writes research journalist Ira Brodsky in Computerworld. “First are sensors， actuators and appliances that obey commands and provide status information.” These digital devices are already omnipresent in our appliances. “Second are protocols and tools that enable all of these devices， regardless of vendor， to communicate with each other，” says Brodsky. This is the problem， but Brodsky believes that “smartphone apps， communication hubs and cloud-based services are enabling practical solutions that can be implemented right now.”
Home energy management systems （HEMS） have been the first wave of smart home devices， with hardware and software that monitors and controls a home’s heating， ventilation， and air conditioning （HVAC） systems. As standards and protocols are being developed， the devices in our homes are making them appear smart—very smart！
Domotics and home automation
As the smart house evolves， so， too， do the words we use to describe it. Most generally， home automation and home technology have been the early descriptors. Smart home automation has derived from those terms.
The word domotics literally means home robotics. In Latin， the word domus means home. The field of domotics encompasses all phases of smart home technology， including the highly sophisticated sensors and controls that monitor and automate temperature， lighting， security systems， and many other functions.
No need for those pesky robots， however. These days most mobile devices， like “smart” phones and tablets， are digitally connected and control many home systems. And what will your smart home look like？ It should look just like what you’re living in now if that’s what you want.
智能家居，即具備极先进自动化系统的房屋，可以控制和监测照明、温度、多媒体、安保、门窗开闭、空气质量等家居功能，或住户其他出于必需或提升舒适度目的而设的功能。随着无线计算机化的兴起，遥控设备随之变得智能。如今，任何住户都可以别上一块编好程序的芯片，让系统在有人经过和进出智能家居时作出相应调整。
但它真的智能吗？
智能家居之所以看起来“机智聪明”，是因为其中的计算机系统能够监测日常生活的方方面面。举个例子，在系统的帮助下，冰箱也许能够自主清点存货、推荐菜单和购物清单、介绍健康饮食替代品，甚至进行常规采购。智能家居系统甚至还能让猫砂盆一直保持清洁，让室内植物永远不缺水。
智能家居这个概念听上去像是好莱坞的产物。其实，迪士尼公司曾在1999年发行过影片《我的妈咪不是人》，讲述一个赢得了 “未来房屋”的美国家庭搞笑经历——“未来房屋”中的机器人女仆状况频出，让一家人闹出了不少笑话。其他影片中，看似不可能的智能家居技术则以科幻的场景展现。
不过，智能家居技术是真实存在的，而且正日趋成熟。通过有线或无线的方式，设有内置程序的开关和插座能够接收到编码信号，从而操控屋内各处的家用电器和电子设备。对老年人、身体或认知有缺陷者，以及想要独立生活的残疾人士来说，家居自动化的益处尤其明显。
开放式标准
试想你的居室就像一台巨大的电脑。如果打开家中电脑的“主机箱”或中央处理器，就会知道里面有细小的线路和接头、各种开关和飞速运转的硬盘。要让这一切运行起来，必须有个鼠标或键盘之类的输入设备才行。但更重要的是，各个元件必须能够协同工作。
如果用户不必购买整个家居系统的话，智能技术会发展得更快，因为我们还是得面对现实——毕竟不是每个人都像比尔·盖茨那么有钱。我们也不希望家里15个不同设备有15个遥控器——家里已经有几个电视机和录像机遥控器了。消费者真正想要的是简单好用的附加系统。小型制造商想要的是抢占这个新兴市场的高地。
调查记者艾拉·布罗德斯基在《计算机世界》杂志中提出，要想让家居真正“智能”起来，离不开两类东西。“首先是能够遵从指令并提供状态信息的传感器、致动器和器械装置。”目前，这些数码设备已普遍安装在家用电器中了。“其次是能让这些来自不同厂家的设备互相沟通的数据传输协议和工具。”这一点才是难题所在。但布罗德斯基认为“手机应用、通信集线器和云端服务的出现，正为我们带来切实有效、立等可行的解决方案”。
家居能源管理系统便是第一波问世的智能家居设备，借助硬件和软件来监测、控制住宅的供暖、通风及温控系统。随着技术标准和协议的开发，家居设备将显得越来越智能了——堪称机智过人！
家居自动化
随着智能家居的发展，用于描述它的词汇也发生了变化。早先最常用的是家居自动化和家居技术这样的词，后来又衍生出了智能家居自动化的说法。
从字面意思来看，domotics指的是家居机器人技术。在拉丁语中，domus的词义为住宅。家居自动化领域涵盖智能家居技术的方方面面，包括极为精密的传感器和控制器，用于监测和自动控制温度、照明、安保等功能。
不过，我们不需要那些麻烦的机器人了。如今，“智能”手机和平板电脑等大多数移动设备都能进行数码连接，从而操控许多家居系统。你的智能家居会是什么样的呢？要是你想，无须大改，你的住处就能保持目前的模样。
（译者单位：复旦大学中文系）