新史学是20世纪中国史学的重要组成部分,但它首先是国际学术流变的产物,尤与日、美、苏等国关联密切。中国新史学发端于清末,此后在国际学术互动、本国学术发展和国内社会政治变革等多重因素的交互影响下,先后经历了初始形态、学院派形态、社会化形态及政治化形态四个阶段;每个阶段各具特点,其基本阵营和思想资源也各有差异。新史学的发展对中国史学乃至学术体制产生了深刻影响。上世纪中国新史学在多数时候有深刻的政治背景,也有着明显的现实关怀和政治指向,并始终服务于现实政治。在晚近中国,新史学蕴含着中国学人对学术独立和民族独立的强烈诉求及民族主体性意识。这是中国新史学嬗变进程中始终不变的主题,并与同期中国的发展轨迹和社会思潮高度吻合。在此过程中,中国学人为捍卫、阐扬民族主体性进行了卓富成效的努力。 Neo-historiography is an important part of Chinese historiography in the 20th century. However, it is first of all a product of international academic changes, especially in Japan, the United States, and the Soviet Union. Under the influence of multiple factors such as international academic interaction, domestic academic development and social and political changes in China, the new Chinese history began in the late Qing Dynasty. It experienced four stages: the initial form, the academic form, the socialized form and the politicized form. Each stage has its own characteristics, its basic camp and ideological resources are also different. The development of new history has had a profound impact on Chinese history and even its academic system. In the last century, Chinese new history has a profound political background for most of the time. It also has obvious realistic concern and political orientation and always serves the real politics. In recent years in China, the new history contains the strong desire of Chinese scholars for academic independence and national independence and the sense of national subjectivity. This is a constant theme in the evolution of the new historiography in China and is highly consistent with China’s development trajectory and social ideological trends over the same period. In the process, Chinese scholars made great efforts to defend and demonstrate their national subjectivity.