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本文试图解释以英语为L1(第一语言)的初学者在学习“他高”“他个子高”这类语言现象时产生困惑的原因。由于“两次分类”的不同,不同语言的词汇具有不同的语义值,不同语言词法和句法上不存在一一对应的关系。在概念范围上,汉语的“高”大致相当于英语的tall、high,汉语在词法上采取综合方式,通过句法手段缩窄主话题(或大主语)范围实现信息定位。L2(第二语言)学习者由于已经熟练地掌握了L1,受制于已经建立的L1概念和词汇系统,L2与概念之间只能是弱连接的关系,因此,初学者在提取和学习L2概念时,往往需要通过L1寻找对等体,通过对等体的翻译来学习L2,这就会造成学习L2时产生偏误。要完成并成功学习到新的L2则依赖于新概念的提取和重构,但这又受到语言类型的制约。
This article attempts to explain the reasons why beginners who speak English as L1 (first language) are confused when learning linguistic phenomena such as “he high” and “he tall”. Due to the difference of “two classification ”, different language words have different semantic values, and there is no one-to-one correspondence between lexical and syntactic features in different languages. In terms of concept, “Gao” in Chinese is roughly equivalent to tall and high in English. Chinese takes an integrated approach in terms of lexical meanings and narrows down the scope of the main topic (or main subject) through syntactic means to achieve information orientation. L2 (second language) learners have mastered the L1, subject to established L1 concept and vocabulary system, L2 and concept can only be weakly connected relationship, so beginners in the extraction and learning L2 concept , It is often necessary to look for the peer through L1 and learn L2 from the peer’s translation, which can cause errors in L2 learning. To complete and successfully learn the new L2 relies on the extraction and reconstruction of new concepts, but this is limited by the language type.