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克里米亚战争后,俄国深刻认识到铁路无可取代的战略和经济意义。在国内资本积累不足、国库空虚的窘境下,政府积极引进外资,大力支持私人资本兴修铁路。但私有铁路企业经营不善,亏损严重,造成国库亏空。为了国家的经济和战略安全考虑,政府加强了对私有铁路企业的监管,支持大型私有铁路企业合并扩张,到19世纪末铁路建设和经营的垄断已然形成。得益于私有铁路建设,俄国建起了广大的铁路网,但国家为此也付出了高昂的代价。
After the war in Crimea, Russia deeply recognized the irreplaceable strategic and economic significance of the railway. Under the condition of insufficient domestic capital accumulation and empty state treasury, the government actively introduced foreign capital and vigorously supported the private capital construction of the railway. However, poor operation of private railway companies and serious losses have caused the state treasury to lose ground. For the country’s economic and strategic security considerations, the government stepped up its supervision over private railway enterprises and supported the merger and expansion of large private railway corporations. By the end of the 19th century, the monopoly of railway construction and operation was already formed. Thanks to the construction of private railways, Russia has built a vast network of railroads, but the state has also paid a high price for this.