马相伯是清末立宪派代表人物,武昌起义后他转向民主共和立场。他关于国家结构的思考具有代表性。清末至1916年,他持单一制立场,主地方自治,1916年他开始转变,主张中国采行联邦制。他的思想变化具有复杂的背景和深刻的根源,典型地反映了立宪党人的政治见解和政治性格,也反映了近代中国政治生活中一个层面——中央与地方关系及其复杂性。不过,马相伯的思想也体现了鲜明的个性特征。 Ma Xiangbo is the representative of the Constitutional Party of the late Qing Dynasty, and after the Wuchang uprising he turned to the position of a democratic republic. His thinking on the structure of the country is representative. From the end of Qing dynasty to 1916, he took the stand on sole proprietorship as the sole autonomous authority. In 1916, he began to change and advocated the adoption of federalism in China. His complicated changes in thought and profound roots, which typically reflect the political opinions and political personality of the constitutionalists, also reflect one aspect of the political life in modern China - the relationship between the central and the local and its complexity. However, the idea of ​​Ma Xiangbo also embodies the distinctive personality traits.