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目的为了解沂蒙山区青少年学生的抑郁症状发生状况及其影响因素,为青少年学生抑郁的预防和干预提供理论依据。方法应用Zung’s抑郁自评量表(SDS),家庭环境量表(FES-CV)以及自编调查问卷作为测量工具,对沂源县4所中学1 860名(年龄12~20岁)学生进行抑郁状况及其影响因素的调查。结果青少年学生的SDS均分为40.23±8.92,抑郁症状的现患率为15.11%,轻度症状男生现患率为10.52%,女生为14.12%,两者差异有统计学意义(χ2=5.62;Ρ<0.05);抑郁症状的构成比在不同年龄上存在差异。FES-CV得分,女生情感表达得分显著高于男生(t=5.1,P<0.001),男生的控制性得分显著高于女生(t=4.35,P<0.01);青少年学生抑郁与家庭亲密度、情感表达、文化性、娱乐性、道德宗教观和组织性等存在显著负相关(r=-0.20~-0.27),与家庭矛盾性有显著正相关(r=0.27)。结论沂源县青少年学生的抑郁状态以轻度为主;女性的轻度抑郁发生率显著高于男性;学校因素对青少年学生抑郁症状产生影响上大于家庭因素。随着年龄的增长,学生的心理健康存在较严重的消极认知评价,表现为抑郁、孤独和较高的家庭矛盾以及较低的人际信任度。
Objective To understand the occurrence of depressive symptoms and its influencing factors among young students in Yimeng mountainous area and provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and intervention of depression among teenagers. Methods A total of 1 860 students (aged 12-20 years) from 4 middle schools in Yiyuan County were assessed with Zung’s Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS), Family Environment Scale (FES-CV) and self-designed questionnaire. And its influencing factors. Results SDS of adolescent students was 40.23 ± 8.92, the prevalence of depression was 15.11%, the incidence of mild symptoms was 10.52% for boys and 14.12% for girls, the difference was statistically significant (χ2 = 5.62; P < 0.05). The depressive symptoms were different at different ages. FES-CV score, the scores of emotional expression in girls were significantly higher than those in boys (t = 5.1, P <0.001), and the scores of boys in control were significantly higher than girls (t = 4.35, P <0.01) There was a significant negative correlation (r = -0.20 ~ -0.27) between emotion expression, culture, entertainment, morality and religion, and organization. There was a significant positive correlation with family conflict (r = 0.27). Conclusions The prevalence of depression in young students in Yiyuan County is mild. The prevalence of mild depression in women is significantly higher than that in men. School factors have more influence on depression than teenagers in teenagers. With the growth of age, students’ mental health has more serious negative cognitive evaluation, showing depression, loneliness and higher family conflicts and lower interpersonal trust.