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陕北地区属风沙草滩到黄土沟壑的过渡区,准确识别该地区河道径流的各影响因素及影响程度,对干旱半干旱地区的资源开发具有重要意义。该文以陕北窟野河流域为例,首先介绍了主成分分析法的原理以及计算步骤;其次采用该方法对1980-1998年、1999-2010年以及1980-2010年3个时期的河道径流影响因素进行了分析。其中1980-1998年间,第1主成分对窟野河径流的贡献率达到了67.40%;1999-2010年间,第1主成分的贡献率为46.34%;1980-2010年间,反映气温、用水量、水保面积和煤炭开采量等因素的第1主成分,贡献率为65.42%。结果表明,主成分分析法可以较为准确地识别窟野河径流的主要影响因素及其影响程度。
The northern part of Shaanxi Province is a transitional area between wind sand beach and loess gully. It is of great significance to accurately identify the influencing factors and degree of impact of the river runoff in this area and to develop resources in arid and semi-arid areas. Taking Kuye River Basin in northern Shaanxi as an example, the principle and the calculation steps of principal component analysis (PCA) are introduced firstly. Secondly, the method is applied to analyze the runoff of the three periods of 1980-1998, 1999-2010 and 1980-2010 Influencing factors were analyzed. Among them, from 1980 to 1998, the contribution of the first principal component to the Kuye River runoff reached 67.40%; from 1999 to 2010, the contribution of the first principal component was 46.34%; from 1980 to 2010, the contribution of temperature, water use, Soil and water conservation area and coal mining and other factors of the first principal component, the contribution rate was 65.42%. The results show that the principal component analysis can identify the main influencing factors and the degree of influence of the Kuye River runoff more accurately.