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采用化学消毒和堆肥处理一体化方案的双重杀菌措施,更有效地杀灭蚕沙中的病原物。用几种常用化学药剂对收茧后的蚕沙就地消毒处理,以3 g/L三氯异氰脲酸+5%石灰混合液对蚕沙堆表层及深1 cm处的家蚕微孢子虫(Nb)和家蚕质型多角体病毒(Bm CPV)的灭活作用最明显,可使蚕沙中的部分病原物在转移出蚕室之前被杀灭。将化学消毒后的蚕沙进行堆肥处理,第2天堆温即可升至60℃以上,堆肥过程中堆体上、中、下各部位50℃以上的高温时间分别达到35、35、25 d,可以致Nb和Bm CPV 2种家蚕病原物完全灭活。观察蚕沙经堆肥高温处理后,2种病原物的结构变化符合高温导致病原结构蛋白凝固变性的特征。试验结果表明:采用预先在蚕室对蚕沙进行化学消毒后再进行堆肥处理的消毒和堆肥一体化方案,能够更有效地阻断家蚕的病原物在养蚕环境中扩散。
Double disinfection measures using integrated chemical disinfection and composting solutions more effectively kill pathogens in silkworm excrement. Inoculation of silkworm excrement with three kinds of commonly used chemical agents was disinfected in situ. The surface layer of silkworm excrement and the Nosema cercariae at a depth of 1 cm were treated with 3 g / L trichloroisocyanuric acid and 5% (Nb) and silkworm polyhedrosis virus (Bm CPV) were the most obvious inactivation, and some pathogens in silkworm excrement could be killed before they were transferred out of the house. The chemical disinfection of silkworm excrement composting treatment, the first two days of the temperature can be increased to above 60 ℃, composting process, the upper, middle and lower parts of the high temperature above 50 ℃ were 35,35,25 d , Can cause Nb and Bm CPV two kinds of silkworm pathogens completely inactivated. After the silkworm excrement was treated by compost at high temperature, the structural changes of the two pathogens were in accordance with the characteristics of the coagulation degeneration caused by high temperature. The results showed that the integrated disinfection and compost pre-treatment of silkworm excrement after chemical disinfection in silkworm excrement can effectively prevent the silkworm from spreading in sericulture environment.