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历史是建构民族与民族认同的关键因素。世界各国建构民族历史的方式不尽相同,但是欧洲的科学历史学为全世界现代民族主义奠定了基础。现代民族历史的建构方式起源于欧洲中世纪,崛起于欧洲鞍型期(1750-1850)。19-20世纪,科学的民族主义历史范式披着浪漫主义、实证主义和马克思主义的外衣,主导了世界各国的认同建构和历史编纂。第二次世界大战后,各国的历史学家纷纷尝试批判、取代或超越民族主义的历史叙事。民族的历史叙述不断受到各种跨民族历史视角的侵蚀,不过民族主义范式并未失效,而是与宗教、阶层和种族等视角逐渐融合。当代一些学者主张,历史编纂应该证明认同的连续性变动,解构超越历史的标准和价值观,以抵御民族历史中令人厌恶的糟糕环节。
History is the key factor to construct the identity of nation and nation. The ways in which the nation’s history is constructed in various countries in the world vary, but the scientific historiography in Europe has laid the foundation for modern nationalism throughout the world. The way of constructing the modern national history originated in the Middle Ages of Europe and rose in the saddle period of Europe (1750-1850). From the 1920s to the 20th century, the historical model of the nationalism of science dominates the construction of identity and historical compilation of various countries in the world with the cover of romanticism, positivism and Marxism. After the Second World War, historians of various countries tried to criticize, replace or transcend the historical narrative of nationalism. The historical narratives of the nation are constantly being eroded by various inter-ethnic historical perspectives. However, the nationalist paradigm has not failed, but has gradually merged with religious, class and ethnic perspectives. Some contemporary scholars argue that historical compilation should prove the continuity of identity change, deconstruction beyond the historical standards and values in order to resist the disgusting bad links in national history.