Computational study of bubbly jets in stagnant water

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The air-water bubbly jets in a stagnant water are numerically investigated by using a CFD software package with the realizable k-ε turbulence model. The focus is on the jet evolutionary behaviors in terms of the gas void fraction, the axial water velocity, the turbulent kinetic energy (TKE), the entrainment coefficient, and the momentum and buoyancy fluxes in a wide range of the bubbly jets (with the initial gas volume fractions ranging from 0 to 0.83). The computational results are found generally in good agreement with the experimental results reported in the literature. Both the gas void fraction and the axial water velocity follow the Gaussian distribution in the radial direction as expected, however a double-peak distribution is found for the TKE at some distance away from the nozzle. With the increase of the longitudinal distance, their peak values generally are decreased until reaching approximately their terminal values. The non-dimensional relations are revealed in both the radial and longitudinal directions. The potential core and the spreading rates of the bubbly jets are then investigated. The liquid volume flux of the bubbly jets is found to increase almost linearly along the centerline with an entrainment coefficient of 0.037-0.065. The momentum flux of the bubbly jets increases due to the buoyancy force, and the relative importance of the momentum and buoyancy fluxes is also discussed.
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