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在中国从传统计划经济到市场经济的体制改革过程中,价格改革听取得的巨大成就尤其令世人瞩目。价格模式转换的平稳过渡,市场价格机制的逐步形成,对整个市场体系的发育产生了头等重要的促进和推动作用。随着经济改革的深化,价格模式转换与市场秩序规范化程度之间相互制约、相互影响的关系越加密切了 人们发现,要完成从政府定价到市场定价的价格模式转换,决不仅仅是简单化地“放开”价格,市场运行本身是否有序、规范,对价格的形成同样具有重要作用。换句话说,放开的价格并不总是等同于合理的价格,价格机制能否有效发挥调解供求、配置资源的功能,还取决于是否存在规范有序、法制化的市场状态或市场环境。恰恰在这个关键问题上,中国还存在着很大欠缺,市场状态扭曲和市场秩序混乱使得建立合理有效的市场价格制度还有很大距离,因此,在注重价格改革的同时,也要认真解决好交易市场法制化和规范化建设的问题。后者是本文讨论的重点。
In the course of China’s institutional reforms from the traditional planned economy to the market economy, the great achievements in price reform have attracted particular attention. The smooth transition of the price model transformation and the gradual formation of the market price mechanism have played an important role in promoting and promoting the development of the entire market system. With the deepening of economic reforms, the mutual restraint and mutual influence between the price model transformation and the standardization of the market order has become more and more close. It has been found that to complete the conversion from the government pricing to the market pricing, the price model is more than just a simplification. The “opening” of prices by the land, whether or not the market itself operates in an orderly and standardized manner, also plays an important role in the formation of prices. In other words, the liberalized price is not always the same as a reasonable price. Whether the price mechanism can effectively play the role of mediating supply and demand and allocating resources also depends on the existence of an orderly, legalized market state or market environment. It is precisely on this key issue that China still has a large deficit. The distortion of market conditions and the chaos of market order make it a long way from establishing a reasonable and effective market price system. Therefore, while focusing on price reform, we must also seriously solve The legalization and standardization of the transaction market. The latter is the focus of this article.