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目的分析医务人员发生职业暴露的相关因素,探讨有效干预对策。方法采用前瞻性的调查方法,监测2012年医务人员职业暴露发生情况。结果共发生63名医务人员职业暴露,其中以护士为主占68.25%,多集中在20～25岁低年资职工占42.86%,职业暴露科室多见于外科占36.51%,科室以病房居首位占49.21%,主要以锐器刺伤为主占79.37%,拔针、手术缝合和抽血分别占26.98%、17.46%、15.87%),为职业暴露发生的主要环节,暴露源中患有血源性传播疾病34例,占53.97%,以乙型肝炎为主(25例),暴露后均能正确处理伤口,未出现医务人员感染现象。结论通过建立职业安全防护制度,加强教育与培训,执行标准预防,规范操作行为,组织职工年度体检及预防接种,能有效减少和降低医务人员职业暴露及其伤害。
Objective To analyze the related factors of occupational exposure to medical personnel and to explore effective intervention measures. Methods A prospective investigation was conducted to monitor the occupational exposure of medical staff in 2012. Results A total of 63 medical staff occupational exposures occurred, of which 68.25% were nurses, 42.86% were low-aged workers aged 20-25 years, 36.51% were occupationally exposed in surgical departments, and the department was topped by ward Accounting for 49.21%, mainly with sharp stab wounds accounted for 79.37%, pull the needle, surgical suture and blood draw accounted for 26.98%, 17.46%, 15.87%), occupational exposure to the main part of exposure to the source of blood Infectious diseases were found in 34 cases (53.97%) and mainly in hepatitis B (25 cases). After exposure, the wounds could be treated correctly without any medical staff infection. Conclusion Occupational safety protection system, strengthening education and training, implementing standard precaution, standardizing operation behavior, organizing annual physical examination and vaccination for staff and workers can effectively reduce and reduce occupational exposure and harm to medical staff.