良心观是基督教伦理道德的重要组成部分。马丁·路德对良心有其独到的见解,尤其在于他继承罗马天主教传统的同时,又背离了天主教的道德伦理价值,并在“因信称义”的基础上建立他的良心观念。良心是信心的转化,当良心完全与上帝的意志联合时,善的、喜乐的良心会引导道德的行为,并作出合乎上帝意志的选择。关于完全通过信仰说明行为的观点,是路德宗教改革思想的伦理核心。路德良心观的内容主要包括忧惧的良心、自由的良心、良心的权威等。路德和阿奎那的良心观源自于各自的神学思想,尤其突出表现在救恩论和教会论上。托马斯·阿奎那代表着中世纪罗马天主教的立场,他的良心观受到亚里士多德哲学思想的影响,主要以理性主义为基础。路德代袁着宗教改革时代新教的立场,其良心观深受人文主义和经院哲学后期的神秘主义的影响,文中对两者的良心观进行比较分析,有利于反观路德和阿奎那在人之本性上的神学立场。 Conscience view is an important part of Christian ethics. Martin Luther had his unique view of conscience, especially since he inherited the Roman Catholic tradition while deviating from the moral and ethical values ​​of Catholicism and establishing his concept of conscience on the basis of “justification by faith”. Conscience is the transformation of faith. When conscience is completely united with the will of God, a good, joyful conscience guides moral behavior and makes choices that are in keeping with God’s will. The point of view that accounts for behavior entirely through faith is the ethical core of Lutheran religious reform. The content of Lutheran concept of conscience mainly includes conscience of conscience, freedom conscience, conscience authority and so on. The conscience of Luther and Aquinas stems from their respective theological ideas, especially in salvation and ecclesiology. Thomas Aquinas represented the Roman Catholic position of the Middle Ages. His conscience view was influenced by Aristotle’s philosophical thinking and was based mainly on rationalism. Lutheran Yuan was the position of Protestantism in the era of religious reform. His view of conscience was deeply influenced by the mysticism of the humanism and the later philosophical late period. The comparative analysis of the conscience outlook of the two was conducive to the contrast between Lutheran and Aquinas The theological position of human nature.