海洋生物多样性研究与保护是当前生物多样性领域的热点问题,而海洋生物多样性评价则是其管理和保护的基础。本文介绍了全球、区域和国家尺度海洋生物多样性评价方法概况,着重阐述了当前国内外海洋生物多样性评价的主要方法及其应用情况,包括生物群落多样性的测度方法、地球生命力指数法、海洋营养指数法和快速评估法等。分析了海洋生物多样性评价存在的主要问题及发展趋势,指明今后海洋生物多样性评价的发展方向。 Research and conservation of marine biodiversity is a hot issue in the current field of biodiversity, and marine biodiversity assessment is the basis for its management and protection. This paper presents an overview of global, regional and national marine biodiversity assessment methods, and highlights the current main methods and applications of marine biodiversity assessment at home and abroad, including measures of biodiversity diversity, the Earth’s Vitality Index, Marine nutrition index method and rapid assessment method. Analyzes the main problems and trends in the assessment of marine biodiversity and points out the future directions for the assessment of marine biodiversity.