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一、国外铁路发展概况 铁路作为主要的交通运输方式,对世界上许多国家的经济发展和社会进步,都起到了十分重要的作用。 但是,从第二次世界大战以后,一直到七十年代中期的较长一段时间内,由于一些国家的工业化已达到了比较高的水平,国民经济产业结构和运输结构进行了新的调整,特别是某些发达的资本主义国家汽车和飞机制造业发展迅速、使铁路面临与公路、航空运输的激烈竞争。有的国家铁路运输发展政策的失误,铁路本身管理体制的不适应和经营不善等原因使铁路运输业在这一时期发展比较缓慢,个别地区甚至出现了停滞的局面。主要表现在:
I. Overview of Foreign Railway Development As a major mode of transportation and transportation, the railway plays an important role in the economic development and social progress of many countries in the world. However, since the Second World War and a long period from the mid-1970s, due to the relatively high level of industrialization in some countries, a new adjustment has been made to the industrial structure and transport structure of the national economy. In particular, In some developed capitalist countries, the automobile and aircraft manufacturing industry is developing rapidly, causing the railway to face fierce competition with the road and air transport. In some countries, mistakes in the development policy of railway transport, inadequate management of the railway itself, and poor management led to the slow development of the railway transportation industry during this period and even stagnation in some areas. Mainly in: