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3D打印技术在近几十年中取得了很大的进步，在医学领域用途也十分广泛，包括三维成像、建模、外科手术规划、各种医学教育和培训。但是，3D打印在麻醉中的应用尚属起步阶段。文章主要介绍3D打印的基本状况，并讨论其在临床麻醉中的应用前景，包括麻醉方案规划、术前气道评估、定制个性化麻醉工具和气道工具。文章还讨论了3D打印在麻醉模拟教学中的应用，例如用于模拟气管插管、动静脉穿刺置管、椎管内麻醉以及超声引导神经阻滞。此外，在新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期间，3D打印技术还为国内外麻醉医师提供了个人防护设备、面罩、口罩，甚至呼吸机。“,”Three-dimensional (3D) printing technology has made significant progress and has numerous applications over the past few decades. It has been widely used in medicine, including 3D imaging, modeling, surgical planning, medical education, and training. However, it has not been commonly used in anesthesia. This review provides an introduction to 3D printing and discusses the current state of 3D printing in clinical anesthesia, including pre-anesthetic planning, preoperative airway assessment, making customized anesthetic tools and airway devices. Besides, it also summarizes the application of 3D printing in simulated anesthetic education, such as simulated endotracheal intubation, arteriovenous catheterization, neuraxial anesthesia, or an ultrasound-guided nerve block. Furthermore, 3D printing technology provided personal protective equipment, face shield, mask, and even ventilators for anesthetists all over the world during the COVID-19 pandemic.