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以往根据离体或除去神经的输尿管以及应用普鲁卡因作脊髓麻醉后,输尿管蠕动不受影响,因此长期以来,输尿管被认为是一自主性器官,其蠕动活动只被尿液牵张刺激所左右。然而近年来大量研究表明,输尿管平滑肌如同心肌和胃肠平滑肌一样,也存在着起步点,整个输尿管的活动为起步点自发产生的动作电位和蠕动活动所控制。尿液机械牵张作用和神经支配虽可影响起步点细胞的活动,但对其自发活动的产生却不是必要的条件。
In the past based on ex vivo or nerve removal of the ureter and the application of procaine spinal anesthesia, ureteral peristalsis is not affected, so for a long time, the ureter is considered an autonomous organ, and its peristalsis is only stimulated by the stimulation of urine . However, in recent years, a large number of studies have shown that, like the myocardium and gastrointestinal smooth muscle, ureteral smooth muscle also has a starting point. The entire ureter activity is controlled by the spontaneous action potential and peristaltic activity generated at the starting point. Urinary mechanical stretch and nerve innervation may affect the starting point of cell activity, but its spontaneous activity is not necessary conditions.