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古汉语和现代汉语是一脉相承的,古今汉语名词的基本句法功能基本一致,可以作主语、宾语和定语,一般情况下,现代汉语的名词不能直接作谓语或述语,为了修辞的需要有时可以临时充当谓语或述语,不过古今汉语名词的句法功能也存在较大程度的差异,主要表现在:一、古汉语名词作谓语;二、古汉语名词作述语;三、古汉语名词作状语;四、古汉语名词作定语的特殊性,即名词作定语构成的定中结构,这类语义关系比较特殊,显现为“动名之体”的定中结构。
Ancient Chinese and modern Chinese are the same strain, the basic syntactic functions of ancient and modern Chinese nouns are basically the same, they can be subject, object and attribute. In general, the nouns of modern Chinese can not be directly used as predicate or rhetoric, sometimes for temporary rhetoric However, the syntactic functions of ancient and modern Chinese nouns also have a greater degree of difference, mainly as follows: (1) Ancient Chinese nouns as predicate; (2) Ancient Chinese nouns as rhetoric; (3) Ancient Chinese nouns as adverbials; Fourth, the specific characteristics of ancient Chinese nouns as attributive, that nouns as attributive structure of the fixed center, this kind of semantic relationship is rather special, appear as “moving body ” fixed structure.