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基于2007年大样本微观制造业企业数据探讨了产业集聚对企业生产率的影响。统计结果显示总体上中国制造业具有显著的集聚经济效应,但集聚效应主要体现在地方化经济而非城市化经济,仅高效率的企业受益于城市化经济。集聚经济还存在产业和区域差异,沿海地区的多数产业的企业受益于集聚经济,中部地区的集聚经济效应弱于东部地区,部分劳动和资本密集型产业就业密度的提高有利于生产率的提高;西部地区的绝大部分产业尚不具备集聚效应。国家应根据集聚效应的区域和产业差异特征制定区域和产业政策。
The impact of industrial agglomeration on firm productivity was discussed based on the 2007 large sample of micro-manufacturing firm data. The statistical results show that, on the whole, China’s manufacturing industry has a significant agglomeration economic effect, but the agglomeration effect is mainly manifested in the localized economy rather than the urbanized economy. Only high-efficiency enterprises benefit from the urbanized economy. Agglomeration economies also present industries and regional differences. Enterprises in most industries in the coastal areas benefit from agglomeration economies. Agglomeration economies in the central region are weaker than those in the east. Increased employment intensity in some labor and capital-intensive industries is conducive to productivity gains. In the west Most industries in the region do not yet have the agglomeration effect. The state should formulate regional and industrial policies based on the regional and industrial differences in agglomeration effects.