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[目的]研究旨在揭示新疆主栽彩棉品种的遗传学特征,为彩棉优良新品种的选育提供种质资源及深入研究的依据,并对下一步将要开展的关联作图和彩棉色素基因的定位和克隆的研究材料进行评价。[方法]选择5个白色陆地棉品种与2个白色海岛棉品种分别与5个棕色棉品种以及5个绿色棉品种进行完全双列杂交,得到F2群体,统计其中符合孟德尔规律的群体数,并对所有F2代群体的单株纤维色泽进行统计和分析;根据农艺性状对亲本进行聚类分析,同时进一步利用SSR对亲本进行了遗传多样性分析。[结果]棕色和绿色棉纤维色泽遗传由细胞核控制,均由一对主效基因决定;棕色主要呈现显性遗传模式,而绿色棉纤维色泽遗传呈现显性遗传、不完全显性遗传或隐形遗传的模式。聚类分析表明,新疆主栽的棕色棉品种与新疆本地的陆地棉品种亲缘关系较近,与内地的陆地棉关系较远,与海岛棉关系最远;新疆主栽的绿色棉品种与新疆本地及内地的陆地棉关系均较远,与海岛棉关系最远。亲本的SSR遗传多样性分析表明,棕色和白色棉组合中,新陆早31号与新彩棉11号的多态性最高,293-zm-2与新彩棉5号的多态性最低;绿色和白色棉组合中,新陆早31号与绿85多态性最高,新陆早13号与新彩棉12号的多态性最低。[结论]为加快彩棉优良品种的定向选育提供了技术保证。
[Objective] The aim of the research was to reveal the genetic characteristics of main colored cotton varieties in Xinjiang, provide the germplasm resources and in-depth study for the breeding of fine new varieties of colored cotton, and to make the correlation mapping and colored cotton Materials for the localization and cloning of pigment genes were evaluated. [Method] Five complete crosses between 5 white cotton cultivars and 2 white cotton island cultivars with 5 brown cotton cultivars and 5 green cotton cultivars were conducted. F2 population was obtained and the number of the population complying with Mendel rule was calculated. The fiber color of each F2 population was statistically analyzed and analyzed. The parents were clustered according to agronomic traits, and the genetic diversity was analyzed by SSR. [Result] The color of brown and green cotton fiber was controlled by the nucleus, which was determined by a pair of major genes. The brown mainly showed the dominant genetic pattern, while the green cotton fiber showed dominant inheritance, incomplete dominant or invisible inheritance Mode. Cluster analysis showed that the brown cotton varieties mainly cultivated in Xinjiang had a close genetic relationship with native Upland cotton cultivars in Xinjiang, distantly related to Upland cotton and the furthest relationship with Upland cotton. Xinjiang cultivated the green cotton varieties and Xinjiang native And the mainland’s land use cotton are far relations with the island cotton far relations. The analysis of SSR genetic diversity showed that the polymorphism of Xinluzao 31 and Xincai cotton 11 was the highest among the brown and white cotton combinations, and the lowest among 293-zm-2 and Xincai cotton 5. Among the green and white cotton combinations, Xinluzao 31 and Green 85 had the highest polymorphism, and Xinluzao13 and Xincai cotton12 had the lowest polymorphism. [Conclusion] The technical guarantee was provided to speed up the directional breeding of the fine varieties of colored cotton.