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亚里士多德在《政治学》中提出,虽然人类的第一个自然共同体是家庭,但是唯有城邦这个习俗共同体才能成全人性的完善。城邦之于家庭的政治优先性,作为西方政治思想家国异构和重国抑家之倾向的开端,是亚里士多德政治哲学的核心主张,其形而上学基础在于亚里士多德的形式质料理论(简称形质论),尤其是形式之于质料的存在论优先性。在亚里士多德看来,家庭提供人性的质料,政体提供生活的形式,二者相结合所构成的城邦才是能够实现美好生活的人类共同体。
Aristotle put forward in Political Science that although the first natural community of mankind is a family, only the customary community of the city-state can complete the perfection of human nature. The political priority of the city-state to the family, as the beginning of the tendency of the heterogeneity of the western political thinker nation and the suppression of the homeland, is the core proposition of Aristotle’s political philosophy. Its metaphysics foundation lies in the form material of Aristotle Theory (referred to as form theory), especially the form of material in the ontological priority. In Aristotle’s opinion, it is the human community in which the family provides human material and the political form provides life, and the combination of the two forms the human being that can make a better life.