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目的评价西安市大气污染对城市居民的健康影响。方法采用时间序列方法对2004—2008年西安主要大气污染物(PM10、NO2和SO2)与每日死亡率相关性进行泊松回归分析,并控制年龄、性别、时间、“星期几效应”和气象因素的影响。结果研究地区大气PM10、NO2和SO2暴露与超额死亡风险存在显著正相关关系。PM10、NO2和SO2在过去48 h的暴露浓度每上升10μg/m3所对应的总死亡超额风险分别为0.35%(95%CI:0.11%～0.58%),2.42%(1.57%～3.27%)和0.60%(0.16%～1.05%)。PM10、NO2和SO2暴露与心脑血管和呼吸系统疾病死亡的影响较显著,中老年人和男性更为易感。在采暖期和非采暖期,污染物浓度及效应有明显的季节性差异。结论西安市主要大气污染物短期暴露与居民的超额死亡风险显著相关。
Objective To evaluate the health effects of air pollution on urban residents in Xi’an. Methods A Poisson regression analysis was performed on the correlation between major atmospheric pollutants (PM10, NO2 and SO2) and daily mortality in Xi’an from 2004 to 2008 using the time series method. Age, sex, time, and the “day of the week effect” And the impact of meteorological factors. Results There was a significant positive correlation between the exposure of PM10, NO2 and SO2 in the study area and the risk of excess mortality. The total risk of excess mortality associated with a 10 μg / m3 increase in PM10, NO2 and SO2 exposure over the past 48 h was 0.35% (95% CI: 0.11% -0.58%), 2.42% (1.57% -3.27%) and 0.60% (0.16% ~ 1.05%). The effects of PM10, NO2 and SO2 exposure on death from cardiovascular and respiratory diseases were more pronounced, and the elderly and men were more susceptible. In the heating and non-heating period, the pollutant concentration and the effect of significant seasonal differences. Conclusion The short-term exposure of major air pollutants in Xi’an is significantly related to the residents’ excess mortality risk.