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复活节岛的衰落长期以来一直是人文社会科学研究者关注的对象,1998年,布兰德和泰勒开创性地将李嘉图—马尔萨斯模型用于这一经典案例的分析,此后这一模型也得到了进一步的拓展。本文对李嘉图—马尔萨斯模型以及以它为基础扩展的两个模型进行了评述,在假设制度能被重新选择的情况下,根据李嘉图—马尔萨斯模型解答制度改变是否可以拯救复活节岛这一问题,文章最后也简要探讨制度改变的可能方式。
The decline of Easter Island has long been the subject of much attention by humanities and social science researchers. In 1998, Brand and Taylor pioneered the use of the Ricardian-Malthusian model for the analysis of this classic case, and since then the model has been Further expansion. This article reviews the Ricardian-Malthusian model and the two extensions based on it. Under the assumption that the system can be re-selected, whether the system change can save Easter Island based on the Ricardian-Malthusian model can be solved. Finally, we also briefly discuss possible ways to change the system.