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水稻(Oryza sativa)是世界上最重要的粮食作物之一,也是单子叶植物发育分子生物学研究的理想模式植物。穗部形态是影响水稻产量的重要因素,也是当前水稻遗传改良和发育生物学研究的热点之一。复粒稻是发生于水稻穗粒部的一种突变体材料,在形态上可分为小穗簇生型和颖壳多雌型两种,有自然突变、杂交变异和理化诱变等多种来源途径。作为一种特异的水稻种质资源,复粒稻在水稻新材料创建、复粒型新品种选育、改善杂交制种结实性及探讨单子叶植物成花机理等方面具有重要的研究价值,对创造复粒新型育种材料、提高穗着粒密度及穗粒数、有效缩短穗长度、改良水稻植株性状及提高产量等都具有重要意义。该文综述了复粒稻的资源类型、来源途径、遗传分析、基因定位及其育种利用价值等方面的研究进展,并提出了今后的研究方向,以期为水稻遗传育种提供参考。
Oryza sativa is one of the most important food crops in the world and is also an ideal model plant for developmental molecular biology of monocotyledons. Ear morphology is an important factor affecting rice yield, and it is also one of the hot spots in current research on rice genetic improvement and developmental biology. Complex grain is a kind of mutant material that occurs in the grain part of rice. It can be divided into two types: spikelet cluster type and polyhedron type. There are many sources such as natural mutation, hybrid mutation and physico-chemical mutagenesis way. As a kind of specific rice germplasm resource, complex grain rice has important research value in creating new rice materials, breeding multiple grain variety, improving seed setting of hybrid seed and discussing flower forming mechanism of monocotyledon. It is of great significance to create a new type of breeding material, improve grain density per spike and number of spikelets, shorten ear length effectively, improve rice plant traits and increase yield. In this paper, the research progress of the types, sources, genetic analysis, gene mapping and utilization value of the multiple grain rice were summarized. The future research directions were proposed in order to provide reference for rice genetic breeding.