正义观念萌发于人类早先的平等观,形成于私有财产出现后的社会,认为公平即是正义,简单来说就是同样的人同样对待。不同时代的人们对“正义”有着不同的理解。柏拉图认为,人们按自己的等级做应当做的事就是正义;基督教伦理学家则认为,肉体应当归顺于灵魂就是正义,以及当代罗尔斯的基于公平的正义,阿玛蒂亚·森的基于行为能力视角的具体正义,等等,不一而足。从学术发展史可以 The notions of justice emerged in the earlier view of equality of mankind and formed in the society after the emergence of private property. They considered fairness as justice and, in simple terms, the same people treated the same. People of different ages have different understandings of “justice ”. Plato believes that what people do what they do at their own level is just that; Christian ethicists hold the view that the body should be subordinated to the soul, that is, justice, and justice based on contemporary Rawls, and that Amartya Sen’s Specific justice from the perspective of capacity, and so forth. From the history of academic development can be