安阳殷墟刘家庄M10 4 6出土的玉璋墨书文字具有特殊的重要性。通过对其文字的识读 ,可知这类玉璋即是见于金文和《周礼》的玉。尤为重要的是 ,通过对墨书文字所祭对象的研究 ,进一步证明习见于甲金文的“长子” ,实指首子或元子 ,而且说明已有嫡庶之别。结合其他称谓 ,也说明至迟在商末 ,其亲族制度已相当规范和复杂 ,后世的宗法制度于此时已具雏形 Anyang Yin Ruins Liujiazhuang M10 4 6 unearthed Yu Zhang ink text has a special importance. Through the text of the reading, we can see that this kind of jade Zhang is found in the Jinwen and “Zhou Li” jade jade. It is especially important to further prove that the “eldest son” who is accustomed to learning a grammar is actually a leader or an eldest son through the study of objects sacrificed in ink and calligraphy. Combined with other titles, also shows that at the very end of the Shang dynasty, its kin system has been quite standard and complex, later patriarchal clan system has taken shape at this time