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目的探索性研究中国背景下知识型员工工作压力源的结构,并进一步对压力的作用机制进行深入分析。方法使用工作压力问卷对上海市的406位知识型员工进行测查。结果工作压力源的第二次探索性因子分析后4个因子(工作自主性、角色压力、工作负荷、工作决策)的题目之间的一致性程度达0.54、0.55、0.70和0.75。相对男性、女性被试的角色压力(比如角色模糊)比较高(B=0.16,P=0.03);就工作时间而言,工作时间越长的被试感觉到的工作自主性方面的压力(B=-0.17,P=0.06)和角色压力的压力越大(B=-0.30,P=0.00)。结论①知识型员工的工作压力来源主要有工作自主性、角色压力、工作负荷和工作决策等4个方面;②男女性的工作压力源存在显著差异,女性角色压力上显著高于男性;③服务年限对工作压力影响显著,工作年限越长,员工的工作自主性方面的压力和角色压力的压力越大。
Objective To explore the structure of knowledge workers’ work stressors under the background of China, and to further analyze the mechanism of stress. Methods A questionnaire of work stress was used to test 406 knowledge workers in Shanghai. Results The consistency of the four factors (job autonomy, role pressure, workload, job decision) after the second exploratory factor analysis of working stressors reached 0.54, 0.55, 0.70 and 0.75. Compared with men, the role pressure (such as the role of ambiguity) of female subjects is relatively high (B = 0.16, P = 0.03); in terms of working hours, the longer working hours participants felt the pressure of work autonomy = -0.17, P = 0.06) and the greater the pressure on the character pressure (B = -0.30, P = 0.00). Conclusion ① The sources of work stress for knowledge workers mainly include work autonomy, role pressure, workload and work decision-making. ② There are significant differences in work stressors between men and women, and stress on women is significantly higher than men. ③ Service Years have a significant impact on work pressure. The longer the work experience, the greater the pressure on employees’ work autonomy and the pressure on roles.