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目的分析靖远县手足口病流行特征,探讨手足口病流行规律,为本地区该病的防治对策制定提供依据。方法利用《疾病监测信息报告管理系统》中现住址为靖远县的2009~2013年手足口病疫情资料,应用Excel 2003和SPSS19.0统计软件,对5年间手足口病的分布进行描述性分析。结果 2009~2013年靖远县累计报告手足口病900例,年均发病率为37.74/10万。发病率呈先上升后下降的趋势,2011年发病率最高,达59.65/10万,不同年份间发病率差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。全县18个乡镇均有流行,城镇的发病率(56.58/10万)高于农村(29.01/10万)(P<0.01);发病时间呈双峰型,主要集中在5~7月、10~11月;发病年龄组主要集中在5岁以下,占88.22%;患者多为散居儿童,共616例,占68.44%,其次为幼托儿童185例,占20.55%。男性发病率(48.14/10万)高于女性(26.81/10万)(P<0.01)。毒株构成以EV71型为主(48.48%),重症病例由EV71型引起。结论 2009~2013年靖远县手足口病发病率较高,存在明显的地区、季节、年龄差异,成为当地一个重大的公共卫生问题。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of hand, foot and mouth disease in Jingyuan County and to explore the epidemic rules of hand, foot and mouth disease to provide the basis for prevention and treatment of this disease in this area. Methods The epidemic data of hand-foot-mouth disease in Jingyuan County, whose current address was Jinglun County, was used in the Disease Surveillance Information Reporting Management System. The distribution of hand-foot-and-mouth disease in 5 years was analyzed with Excel 2003 and SPSS 19.0 statistical software . Results A total of 900 HFMD cases were reported in Jingyuan County from 2009 to 2013, with an average annual incidence of 37.74 / 100 000. The morbidity was the first to increase and then decrease. The morbidity in 2011 was the highest (59.65 / 100000), with significant difference between years (P <0.01). The epidemic rate of all the 18 towns and townships in the county was 56.58 / 100 000, higher than that in rural areas (29.01 / 100 000) (P 0.01). The onset time was bimodal and mainly concentrated in May-July 10 ~ 11 months; the incidence of age group mainly concentrated in the age of 5 years, accounting for 88.22%; mostly scattered children, 616 cases, accounting for 68.44%, followed by kindergarten children 185 cases, accounting for 20.55%. Male morbidity (48.14 / 100,000) was higher than female (26.81 / 100,000) (P <0.01). The strains were mainly EV71 (48.48%), and severe cases were caused by EV71. Conclusion The incidence of HFMD in Jingyuan County from 2009 to 2013 was high, with obvious regional, seasonal and age differences and became a major public health problem in the country.