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对陕西省境内秦岭与子午岭地区7个具有代表性的紫斑牡丹(Paeonia rockii)天然居群进行系统观察和记录,采用巢式方差分析、相关性分析和聚类分析等方法对叶片、花、果实器官等20个表型性状进行多样性分析。结果表明:(1)紫斑牡丹20个性状在居群间差异极显著,在居群内仅有株高、全叶长和种子径差异极显著;20个性状的平均表型分化系数(V_(ST))为71.07%,说明居群间的变异是其表型变异的主要来源。(2)各表型性状的平均变异系数(CV)为7.04%~21.66%,性状离散程度低;果实相关性状平均变异系数为14.45%,大于叶片(13.19%)和花器官(11.40%)。(3)相关性分析表明,紫斑牡丹生殖生长受营养生长影响较小。(4)地理生态因子与表型性状相关性分析表明,经纬度对花器官性状影响最大,而年降雨量对果实性状影响最大;(5)表型性状聚类分析表明,7个紫斑牡丹天然居群被划分为3类,各居群之间没有严格按地理距离聚类,而是与各居群环境因素有关。
Seven representative natural populations of Paeonia rockii were systematically observed and recorded in the Qinling and Ziwuling area in Shaanxi Province. Nested-analysis of variance (ANOVA), correlation analysis and cluster analysis were used to analyze the natural populations of leaves, flowers, Fruit organs and other 20 phenotypic traits for diversity analysis. The results showed as follows: (1) There were significant differences in 20 traits of purple peony among the populations, with only significant differences in plant height, total leaf length and seed diameter among the populations. The average phenotypic differentiation coefficient (V_ ST) was 71.07%, indicating that the variation among populations is the main source of phenotypic variation. (2) The average coefficient of variation (CV) of each phenotypic trait was 7.04% ~ 21.66%, and the trait dispersion was low. The average coefficient of variation of fruit-related traits was 14.45%, which was higher than that of leaf (13.19%) and flower organ (11.40%). (3) Correlation analysis showed that the reproductive growth of P. macrophylla was less affected by vegetative growth. (4) The correlation analysis of geographical ecological factors and phenotypic traits showed that the latitude and longitude had the greatest impact on the floral traits, while the annual rainfall had the most significant impact on the fruit traits. (5) The cluster analysis of phenotypic traits showed that natural populations of seven purple peony The groups are divided into three categories, and there is no strict clustering according to geographic distance between the populations, but rather with the environmental factors of each population.