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苦味的感知是溶解于唾液中的苦味质作用于味觉细胞微绒毛上的受体后,经过细胞内信号转导使细胞膜去极化、神经递质释放,再由突触后传入神经纤维把兴奋信号传递给皮层下中枢,经过皮层下中枢的信号整合而实现的。因此苦味的感知是苦味受体、信号偶联蛋白gustducin、效应酶和第二信使等因素共同参与的复杂过程。本文就参与苦味传导的味觉细胞、受体、信号偶联蛋白gustducin及其传导机制的研究进展进行综述。
The perception of bitterness is the bitter taste dissolved in saliva acting on the receptors on the taste cells microvilli after cell signal transduction depolarization of the cell membrane, release of neurotransmitter, and then by the post-synaptic afferent nerve fiber Excitement signals are delivered to the subcortical center through the signal integration of the subcortical center. The perception of bitterness is therefore a complex process in which bitter taste receptors, signal-coupled proteins such as gustducin, effector enzymes, and second messengers are involved. This review summarizes the progress of gustducin involved in the transmission of bitter taste-mediated taste cells, receptors, and signal transduction proteins.