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梳状聚合物是一类具有高接枝密度的接枝型共聚物。由于高密度接枝的侧链之间相互排斥,导致梳状聚合物主链被迫伸直,整个梳状聚合物表现出棒状构象。同时,相比于一般线形聚合物而言,梳状聚合物分子量较容易达到很高,形成几十到上百纳米尺寸的结构,因此有着广泛的应用前景。目前,人们对于梳状聚合物的研究集中于其合成、结构以及性能等领域,其中主要基于对柔性侧链、柔性主链梳状聚合物的研究。本文对于梳状聚合物的合成、刚性主链和刚性侧链梳状聚合物发展现状以及梳状聚合物的性质和应用进行了总结。
Comb polymers are a class of graft copolymers with high graft densities. Due to the mutual repulsion between the high-density grafted side chains, the comb polymer backbone is forced to straighten and the entire comb polymer exhibits a rod-like conformation. At the same time, compared with the average linear polymer, comb polymer molecular weight is relatively easy to reach high, forming tens to hundreds of nanometer size structure, it has a wide range of applications. At present, the researches on comb polymers focus on the fields of synthesis, structure and properties, mainly based on the study of flexible side chains and flexible main chain comb polymers. This article summarizes the synthesis of comb polymers, the development of rigid and rigid side chain comb polymers, and the properties and applications of comb polymers.