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目的 了解小儿自发性颅内出血的临床表现、CT特点,探讨其病因、诊断和治疗。方法 对22例自发性颅内出血患儿进行临床观察、分析CT所见,并采用静卧、止血、降颅压、营养神经细胞、对症及外科手术等综合治疗。结果 临床起病急骤,以头痛或头晕、呕吐、抽搐为主要症状,大多数有脑膜刺激征,小婴儿有前囱饱满。头颅CT可早期显示颅内出血的部位、范围、数量。本组病例2例死亡,2例放弃治疗,17例好转,1例治愈。结论 儿童自发性颅内出血的较常见病因为脑动静脉畸形破裂,其次为维生素K缺乏。
Objective To understand the clinical manifestations and CT features of spontaneous intracranial hemorrhage in children and explore its etiology, diagnosis and treatment. Methods Twenty - two children with spontaneous intracranial hemorrhage were observed and analyzed. CT findings were observed and treated by comprehensive treatment such as lying still, stopping bleeding, reducing intracranial pressure, nutritional nerve cells, symptomatic and surgical operations. The results of clinical onset of acute, with headache or dizziness, vomiting, convulsions as the main symptoms, most meningeal irritation, infants have full front chimney. Head CT early display of intracranial hemorrhage site, extent, number. Two patients died of this group, two gave up treatment, 17 patients improved, 1 patient was cured. Conclusion The most common cause of spontaneous intracranial hemorrhage in children is cerebral arteriovenous malformation rupture, followed by vitamin K deficiency.