取除肾结石将是一种费时的和创伤性的手术,肾内灌洗、钳子操作、肾盂镜、术中X线和肾造口等努力亦常致失败。手术中留下小而不能发现的结石可以部分地解释肾结石的高复发率。由此,泌尿学家不断地寻求改善取出结石的技术。一个显著的进展首先是在四十年代早期由美国医师Dees所取得,他提出使用含有人纤维蛋白元的凝结术。暴露肾盂后,将纤维蛋白元和凝血酶混合物注入肾内系统。甚至是最小的 Removal of kidney stones will be a time-consuming and traumatic surgery, and attempts such as renal lavage, pliers manipulation, pyeloscopy, intraoperative X-ray and nephrostomy often fail. Small, undetectable stones left in the surgery can partly explain the high recurrence rate of kidney stones. As a result, urologists continue to seek technology to improve the removal of stones. A significant advance was first made in the early 1940s by the American physician Dees, who proposed the use of coagulation with human fibrin. After exposing the renal pelvis, the fibrin and thrombin mixture is infused into the renal system. Even the smallest