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城市是个有机体。有机体的产生、成长、发展、变异、衰亡均有其客观的规律,城市亦然。城市的产生、成长、发展都是有条件的,无论古代或现代、都是如此。城市是人聚居的场所。众人的集聚,除了要有从事物质生产的基础,如资源、能源、水源,土地外,还要有适宜的生存环境(清洁卫生的空气、水体,足够的绿化、宜人的气候等)。现代城市,特别是大城市,功能复杂,是一个巨大的系统。物质和能量的交换、输入和产出更是巨量,要求的条件更多、更大,对环境的要求也更高。不具备必要的条件,城市不可能健康发展。
The city is an organism. Organism’s production, growth, development, mutation, decline have their own objective laws, the city also. Urban production, growth, development are conditional, both ancient and modern, are so. The city is a place where people live. In addition to having a base for material production such as resources, energy, water and land, there should also be a suitable living environment (clean air, water bodies, adequate greening, pleasant climate, etc.). Modern cities, especially big cities, are complex systems of functions. The exchange, input and output of matter and energy are even greater, with more and more demanding conditions and higher demands on the environment. Without the necessary conditions, the city can not develop healthily.