第二次世界大战后,为了摆脱殖民统治,非洲人民展开了轰轰烈烈的民族解放运动。从40年代末到60年代,许多非洲国家赢得了独立。但是由于这些国家是在冷战时期形成的,它们像其他第三世界国家一样受到了冷战的影响,其中多数国家成为东西方竞争和对抗的场所,使非洲遭到了很大的灾难。在这些灾遇中最突出和最使人头痛的是种族与部族冲突。这种情况使很多学者重新考虑非洲民族国家的发展问题。 After the Second World War, in order to get rid of colonial rule, the African people launched a vigorous national liberation movement. From the late 1940s to the 1960s, many African countries won independence. However, as these countries were formed during the Cold War era, like the other Third World countries, they were affected by the Cold War. Most of them were the venue for the East-West rivalry and confrontation, causing great disasters to Africa. The most prominent and the most disturbing of these catastrophes is racial and tribal conflicts. This situation has led many scholars to reconsider the development of African nation-states.