目的:了解海拉尔城镇居民吸烟、饮酒现状与影响因素。方法:采用整群抽样的方法,对海拉尔18岁以上城镇居民吸烟和饮酒状况进行问卷调查。结果:被调查居民吸烟率为26.2%,其中男性为62.4%,女性为4.2%;被调查居民饮酒率为29.1%,其中男性为61.8%,女性为9.3%。非条件Logistic回归分析表明,居民吸烟的影响因素为性别、年龄、文化程度和家庭月人均收入;饮酒的影响因素为性别、年龄和职业。男性开始吸烟饮酒的年龄低于女性(P<0.05),每日吸烟量、饮酒频率和每日酒精摄入量均高于女性(P<0.01)。现在饮酒者中,60.0%的男性每日酒精摄入量超过25g;33.3%的女性每日酒精摄入量超过15g。结论:海拉尔城镇居民吸烟和饮酒率较高,饮酒量大,过量饮酒者较多,应开展多种形式的健康教育,倡导健康的生活方式。 Objective: To understand the smoking, drinking status and influencing factors of Hailaer urban residents. Methods: A cluster sampling method was used to investigate the smoking and drinking status of urban residents over the age of 18 in Hailaer. Results: The smoking rate of residents surveyed was 26.2%, of which 62.4% for males and 4.2% for females; the drinking rate of residents surveyed was 29.1%, of which males were 61.8% and females 9.3%. Non-conditional logistic regression analysis showed that the factors influencing smoking among residents were gender, age, educational level and average monthly family income; the factors affecting drinking alcohol were gender, age and occupation. Men started smoking and drinking at a lower age than women (P <0.05). Daily smoking, drinking frequency and daily alcohol intake were higher in women than in women (P <0.01). Now drinkers, 60.0% of men daily alcohol intake exceeds 25g; 33.3% of women daily alcohol intake exceeds 15g. Conclusion: Hailaer urban residents have higher rates of smoking and drinking, drinking more alcohol and drinking more alcohol. Various forms of health education should be carried out to promote a healthy lifestyle.